Authors: Nurul Atiqah Iliyani Malekke*, Zubaidi Johar, Nasehir Khan E.M.Yahya, Mohd Aminur Rashid Mohd Aminuddin Arumugam, Mohd Hafifi Mat Nazir

River Basin Research Centre, National Hydraulic Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM),Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai, 43300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia.

Corresponding author: [email protected]

E-mail: [email protected]; 

Abstract

Absence of study on hydrological modelling for non-dendritic catchment system has leads to difficulties in understanding the precipitation-runoff condition, designing flood risk assessment and flood mitigation action. The purposed of this study is to developed a hydrological model for Santubong River catchment and assess the possible application of Hydrological Modeling System (HEC-HMS) in estimating peak flow over non-dendritic catchment. Two types of model were created (three outlets and separated outlet)to simulate the peak flow of each model. To account the loss, runoff estimation and flow routing, initial and constant, Clark Unit Hydrograph and Muskigum methods were used respectively. After calibration and validation, separated outlet model peak discharge for O1 (44 m3/s), O2 (51.1 m3/s) and O3 (47.3 m3/s) are well fitted with the observed hydrograph compared to peak discharge in three outlets model. The result for statistical analysis showed that model performance (NSE=0.972) and the correlation (R2=0.984) for separated outlet model is appropriate for hydrological model in Santubong River catchment.

Keywords: Santubong River, non-dendritic, HEC-HMS, peak flow, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency(NSE)

Authors: Kee An Hong¹ and Jer Lang Hong²

¹Hong & Associates, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
²SNS Network, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Corresponding author: Abdul Wahab Mohammad

E-mail: [email protected] , [email protected]; 

Abstract

A three state Markov chain was used to examine the patterns and distributions of monthly runoff data based on the standard streamlow index (SSI) of two basins in Peninsular Malaysia, i.e. Bernam and Kesang which are located in a dry and a comparatively wet area. The conditions of drought severity were assessed using the SSI. The droght conditions are classified into 3 states, dry, normal , wet according to the SSI at each month for time scales of 6 and 12 months. A month is said to be dry if the SSI< -1, normal if the SSI >-0.99 and <0.99 and wet when SSI >1.Based on the three conditions and statistical techniques applied , it was observed that the expected lengths of dry , normal and wet months are 5.8,10.8 and 4.1 for Bernam and 5.2,10.4 and 4.8 for Kesang for the 6 month SSI.For 12 month SSI, the values for Bernam are 9.3,17.1 and 5.6 and 6.3,15.5 6.2 for Kesang. The weather cycle for Bernam and Kesang are20.7 and 20.5 for 6 month SSI and 32 and 28 for 12 month SSI. It is noted that the two basins although are wet and dry with different mean annual runoff ,results show that the runoff distributions and patterns of the two basins are quite similar as theyare located in the same general hydrological region experiencing similar wet and dry seasons.

Keywords: SSI, SPI, Markov chain, transition probability, dry spell, weather cycle, WS

Authors: Nurlailah Abdillah*, Dzulkhairi Tajuddin Mustaffa, Nasehir Khan E. M. Yahaya, Anas Daud

River Basin Research Centre, National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM),Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai, 43300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia

Corresponding author: Nurlailah Abdillah

E-mail: [email protected];  | Tel: +603-89476400

Abstract

As a developing country, Malaysia has multiplied its population and this has led to an increase of food premises such as restaurants and hawker stalls. This phenomenon has allow effluent with high contents of food waste and fat, oil and grease (FOG) being released into river system. No direct regulation towards food premises effluent discharges has lengthen this problem even further. To cooperate with this situation, an existing law required food operators to install a grease trap as a condition to obtain or renew their licence but the implementation are not thoroughly. While restaurants that have already installed with grease trap, maintenance are done poorly or none at all leaving the problem left unchecked. National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM) has developed a grease trap, NAHRIM Oil and Food Waste Trap (NOFAT) in order to counter maintenance problem in grease trap and looking forward to increase its implementation among food premises. During sampling process, the effluent of four different places were examined for its FOG content in terms of loading and the findings were more appalling than expected. The average loading count of FOG from three food premises before treated with grease trap are 0.1047kgs-1. Focusing on grease trap implementation only solve parts of the problem, point source pollutions in need of an immediate assessment to include food premises and household area. All these are to promote healthier rivers and revitalise this country’s water body.

Keywords: Fat, oil and grease, grease trap, preservation of river, point source pollution, food premises effluent.

Authors: Nurlailah Abdillah*, Dzulkhairi Tajuddin Mustaffa, Nasehir Khan E. M. Yahaya, Anas Daud

RiverBasin Research Centre, National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM),Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai, 43300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia

Corresponding author: Nurlailah Abdillah

E-mail: [email protected];  | Tel: +603-8947 6400

Abstract

In Malaysia, effluent discharged are measured in terms of concentration (mg/l), however Malaysian rivers quality are continueto decline. Pollution loading had been implemented in modern countries and its approached is to measured pollution discharges in terms of daily loading. This method has proven to revitalise their river quality hence it can be implemented in Malaysia to rejuvenate its current situation. This study, a carwash is subjected for pollution assessment and pollutions are measured in both concentration and loading. Results of carwash pollution discharged in term of concentration comply with guideline by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) of United States of America (USA). This result might be misleading for the pollution contribution factor. Further evaluation of the carwash wastewater pollution characteristic in term of pollution loading have given a new perspective of the real situation. On highest rate of wastewater discharged, the loading for COD, BOD, TSS, O&G and TP each contribute 1.36574856 kg, 0.30027096 kg, 0.10654776 kg, 0.068578013 kg and 0.000193723kg n a day. These results demonstrated that a single car wash premise discharged can potentially bring harm if disposed directly into river systems.

Keywords: Carwash effluent, wastewater, water quality, daily load, concentration.

Authors: Muhd Shahril Nizam Ismail*, Suriyani Awang, Nasehir Khan E. M.YahayaandMohd Darimie Ramli

River Basin Research Centre, National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM),Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai,43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor

Corresponding author: Muhd Shahril Nizam Ismail

E-mail: [email protected];  | Tel: +603-8947 6400

Abstract

Greywater is considered more than 40 % whole domestic wastewater. Therefore, it is vital to control the discharge of greywater into the river. The application of filter media in the greywater treatment system is appropriate methods in reducing pollutants. This study proposes the design of a water treatment system to treat laundry wastewater in Malaysia. The proposed method implements the idea of combining five media filter material in a compact cylinder filter. The results have proven that the proposed system is effective in improving the quality of greywater, in which the parameters (Aluminium, Phosphorus, Water hardness, Fluoride, Iron, Chloride and E. coli) do not exceed the standard limits. Furthermore, the proposed greywater design system is relatively suitable to be further developed for commercial use in the future.

Keywords: Environment, Greywater,water efficiency, water quality.

Authors: Muhd Shahril Nizam Ismail*, Suriyani Awang, Nasehir Khan E. M. Yahaya, Mohd Hafifi Mat Nazir

River Basin Research Centre, National Hydraulic Research Institute of Malaysia(NAHRIM), Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai,43300, Seri Kembangan, Selangor

Corresponding author: Muhd Shahril Nizam Bin Ismail

E-mail: [email protected];  | Tel: +603-89476400

Abstract

Protection of water resources is becoming important issues discussed in the country. Lake and reservoir are one of the primary sources that were used in Malaysia. Although it had been conserved and managed, the lack of awareness had given a significant effect. This paper reviews the implementation of a lake buffer zone in Malaysia. Nevertheless, previous researchers have found out that, poor communication between stakeholders and local authorities, there is argument especially on risk and benefits obtained from the prospects to implementation of buffer zone among the lake’s area. As a conclusion, this paper prepared a better understanding of the society in the surrounding area to improve the usage of buffer zone implementation recommendation guidelines.

Keywords: Lake, Buffer zone, Boundary division.